It was announced last night that Iran and the U.S. had reached a two-week cease fire agreement. Color me skeptical. There are two principles in Islam that need to be considered when negotiating with an Islamic state.<\/p>\n
The first principle is hudna, defined as follows (source here<\/a>):<\/p>\n Hudna (Arabic: \u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629, meaning “truce” or “armistice”) is a concept in Islamic jurisprudence denoting a temporary cessation of hostilities between warring parties, particularly in the context of jihad against non-Muslims, permitting a strategic pause for regrouping or consolidation of forces without implying permanent peace.[1]<\/a><\/sup>[2]<\/a><\/sup> The term originates from the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah in 628 CE, a ten-year agreement between Prophet Muhammad and the Quraysh tribe of Mecca that suspended conflict but was terminated after two years when Muslim-allied forces exploited a violation by Quraysh allies to conquer Mecca, demonstrating hudna’s provisional nature.[3]<\/a><\/sup>[4]<\/a><\/sup> In classical Islamic law, hudna differs from sulh (reconciliatory peace), as it is limited in duration\u2014often up to ten years\u2014and can be abrogated if the Muslim side regains superiority, reflecting a doctrine where ultimate expansion of Islamic rule supersedes enduring non-aggression with dar al-harb (house of war).[5]<\/a><\/sup>[2]<\/a><\/sup> This framework has fueled controversies in contemporary conflicts, where groups like Hamas invoke hudna for long-term cease-fires without recognizing adversaries’ legitimacy, raising skepticism about its reliability for lasting resolution given historical precedents of tactical exploitation.[1]<\/a><\/sup>[5]<\/a><\/sup> Scholarly analyses emphasize that while hudna is binding during its term under fiqh conditions, its impermanence stems from doctrinal priorities favoring jihad resumption when feasible, contrasting with Western conceptions of irrevocable treaties.[2]<\/a><\/sup>[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n The second principle is taqiyya, defined as follows (source here<\/a>):<\/p>\n Taqiyya (Arabic<\/a>: \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629, romanized: taqiyya<\/em>; lit. ‘prudence’ or ‘fear’) is a doctrinal principle in Islamic jurisprudence permitting the dissimulation or concealment of one’s religious beliefs, practices, or affiliations when facing persecution<\/a>, mortal danger, or severe harm to oneself, family, or community.[1]<\/a><\/sup> [2]<\/a><\/sup> Originating from Quranic verses such as Ali Imran 3:28, which instructs believers to avoid close alliances with disbelievers unless fearing them while harboring true faith<\/a> inwardly, and supported by prophetic hadiths, taqiyya emerged as a pragmatic response to early Muslim vulnerabilities under hostile regimes.[3]<\/a><\/sup> In Twelver Shia Islam<\/a>, where it holds particular prominence due to centuries of minority status and targeted oppression by Sunni caliphates, taqiyya is elevated to a religious obligation<\/a> and even a pillar of faith<\/a>\u2014reportedly comprising nine-tenths of it in some traditions\u2014allowing verbal denial of faith or feigned conformity to avert annihilation.[4]<\/a><\/sup> [5]<\/a><\/sup> Sunni jurisprudence<\/a> acknowledges analogous permissions under duress but applies them more restrictively, often framing broader dissimulation as hypocrisy<\/a> or impermissible deception absent immediate threat.[6]<\/a><\/sup> [7]<\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/span> The concept’s application has fueled enduring controversies, particularly in assessments of Muslim-non-Muslim interactions, with critics alleging its doctrinal endorsement of lying enables strategic deceit beyond self-preservation<\/a>, such as in proselytism<\/a>, warfare, or modern geopolitical maneuvers, though primary juristic texts condition it strictly on necessity and prohibit gratuitous falsehoods.[8]<\/a><\/sup> [9]<\/a><\/sup> Empirical instances of taqiyya’s invocation are historically tied to survival<\/a> under tyranny\u2014e.g., early Shia Imams concealing esoteric teachings amid Abbasid inquisitions\u2014but contemporary debates question its scope in asymmetric conflicts or diaspora<\/a> settings, where verifiable abuses remain anecdotal rather than systematically documented, prompting scrutiny of interpretive elasticity in fatwas from both sects.[10]<\/a><\/sup> [11]<\/a><\/sup> Scholarly analyses, often from sectarian perspectives, highlight biases: Shia sources emphasize defensive utility, while Sunni critiques decry it as institutionalized duplicity, underscoring causal tensions in Islamic schisms where taqiyya facilitated doctrinal preservation at the cost of perceived authenticity.[12]<\/a><\/sup> [13]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Keeping those two principles in mind, I am not optimistic about any progress toward a peaceful Iran. The only hope for Iran is for the people in Iran to take their country back.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" It was announced last night that Iran and the U.S. had reached a two-week cease fire agreement. Color me skeptical. There are two principles in Islam that need to be considered when negotiating with an Islamic state. The first principle … Continue reading